TOTAL LICENSING
can land and sea borders entered the stage. The REFLECTIONS AND CONSEQUENCES he have overstayed to
non Spanish speaking American could not distin- Again there were strangers in our midst and like at be allowed to break his
guish between Dominicans, different Central Ameri- every prior outbreak of new conditions, a disquiet contract?
cans, Mexicans, American Puerto Ricans, and South set us to thinking and prescribing remedies. • When we did consider
Americans. immigration a contract,
WE LOOK AT STATISTICS
And so all of them (also including the Portuguese at that time a Sponsor’s
The foreign born population is concentrated in the
speaking Brazilians) were mixed together under the affidavit was to protect
prime working ages, 25 to 54 years, and in those
group name “Latinos” or “Hispanics”. When these federal organizations
ages immigrants are 59% to 42% of natives. The
terms came into use – their members, of course, from being involved.
increase of foreign born population between 1990
dwarfed in total, all the previous immigrant groups Historically, the major
and 2000 was 57% (from 19.8 million, to 31.1 mil-
that had been seen before - entering within one federal benefits program had been opened to law-
lion.)
short time period. ful immigrants, but a law enacted August 22, 1996
This compared with an increase of only 9.3% within
Concrete statistics for 2006 are hard to come by, made many lawful immigrants ineligible for federal
the native population. The foreign born who were
and those contained in politicians’ speeches seem food stamps and supplement social security (SSI).
naturalized citizens of the U.S. increased also by
to diverge equally depending on their point of view. A million lawful immigrants lost their food stamps
56%, 8 million to 12.5 million, practically level with
The statistics for illegal immigrants are equally as and ½ million lost SSI. Future lawful immigrants
an increase of 58% for those who were not U.S.
suspect. What is clear is, and not subject to ques- were then barred for at least 5 years from all federal
citizens. Obviously the total birth rate amongst non
tion, is the large almost impossible to record quantity public assistance except emergency, medical child
citizens as a percentage is higher than that of the
of Illegals. Surely the average illegal does not wish to nutrition program and “Headstart”. Some excep-
citizenry.
be counted or identified (incidentally not all illegals tions were made by states, municipal governments
In 2000, foreign born from Mexico counted 9.2 mil-
must be Hispanics, but due to the large demand for who passed their own regulations, and also federal
lion people or 30% of the total U.S. foreign born
their labor and the common land border between exceptions were made for refugees, asylees, and
population (the next largest groups were Chinese,
the U.S.A. and Mexico, Mexicans are the largest others fleeing persecution. It was held that these
1.5 million, the Filippinos, 1.4 million.
group amongst them). changes affected not only the immigrant but also
NOTE; The Census Bureau considers anyone who
It is also clear, to any fair minded observer, that His- the health and welfare of all the citizens in the com-
is not born a U.S. citizen to be a foreign born. Con-
panics are by no means individually alike. Their skin munity.
versely natives are counted as those born in the
color reflects all shades from black to brown, yellow • If we use the theory of contract, we will have to
USA. Puerto Rico or born abroad of a U.S. citizen
and white. decide on a reasonable time frame and an enforce-
parent. Because a new person can be born outside
Their antecedents can be Africans, East Indians, Mu- ment mechanism.
the USA , information about place of birth, therefore,
lattos, Indios, Spaniards, Chinese. Their Hispanic dia- • If we use the theory of Affiliation the progress
cannot be used for statistics.
lects, culture, ages, skills and education are as widely will vary completely with local situations in individual
varied as their local origins. Because the Spanish ILLEGALS cases. There will often be disagreement about the
language is common to them all, I shall use with due • An analysis of the growth and proportion estimates facts and this will force the judiciary to hear end-
apology to each of them as a space saving device, of illegal Hispanics for 2006 showed a growth in less appeals, complaints and objections and rule on
the term Hispanics, in all my writing. that year alone of 700,000 to 850,000. In the them individually as to their merits. Merit might
It is also clear that, like in so many prior epochs, same year, legal Hispanic immigration to the U.S. depend on reports from neighbors, police, schools
most of these immigrants start their lives in the USA, numbered 620,000 which was a rate of 51% of all and administrative offices.
very poor, to work their way up the ladder for them- other immigrant origins combined. • Affiliation would also mean that the immigrant, in
selves or their children. Many also have left relatives • NOTE: the Census Bureau does not yet have its the interim, had paid his payroll taxes while working.
behind that need to be supported with their Ameri- figures for the last three years and these are esti
-
He might have become a husband, a father, possibly
can incomes.
mates taken from other supposedly reliable statisti-
an important employee somewhere,and had there-
A NEW PHENOMENON – INTERNAL
cians.
fore affiliated himself with America. He might have
joined a political party although he could not vote,
IMMIGRATION
THOUGHTS AND QUESTIONS
and he might have supported causes, churches or
Between 1990 and 1999 the foreign born popula-
To further reflect on consequences about what to
charities.
tions of NY, California, NJ, Illinois, Texas and Florida,
do, let’s remember that Immigration, legal or illegal
His mind may have become Americanized and he
the six largest immigrant receiving states since
is not only a matter of statistics, economic theories
might well find himself a stranger if he had to go
1980 grew on the average of 30%. In a surprising
public policy questions, and legalistic exercises but
back to his original country of birth. Taxes he had
contrast, states such as Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska,
involves millions of people with individual fates and
paid even though an immigrant, would seem to en-
Kansas, North Carolina, South Carolina, Kentucky
human rights.
title him to be treated the same as any other tax
and Arkansas have seen their foreign born popula-
A very insightful observer Hiroshi Motomura wrote a
payer who is entitled to public services that derive
tions grow at an incredible average ratio of 126%
very interesting study titled “Americans in Waiting”.
from his contribution.
over the same 10 year period.
He divided immigrant status into three possibilities.
• The lawful immigrant at any rate, should be so
Most of these new immigrants are chiefly Hispan-
Is naturalization granted as a contract? A road to af-
entitled but it could be argued that the unlawful
ics who, normally, were among the most urban of
filiation (joining)? Americans in Waiting? As a process
immigrant by the mere act of having broken the law
all ethnic groups. They had, at first, settled in the
to be traversed to a distant possible reward if the
should be punished by the withholding of these ser-
traditional immigrant hubs. When they decided to
immigrant proves himself and passes the necessary
vices. Again any social ills created would, however,
relocate, this was helped by the growing sophistica-
milestones.
affect citizens as well.
tion of their social networks which connected them
Contract:
• Americans in Waiting: Under this theory an Immi-
with families that had moved earlier to small towns
If it is a contract under which the aspiring immi-
grant is in transition. He may have applied legally
in the heartland of the country and these advised
grant agrees with the USA to stay, provide work, and
and would have to go through this waiting period to
them of the opportunities there. In those locations,
eventually go home – what happens if he doesn’t
become a citizen. In the interim, what are his rights,
there were quite a few empty positions since native
go home? Who does he become? Does he over-
what rights doesn’t he have, and how long should a
workers and particularly young people were leaving
stay and become an illegal? Has he married and
period of transition be?
these towns.
now has American born children? How long must
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